Monday, November 03, 2025

Film | And the Rest Will Follow / O Da Bir Şey Mi by Pelin Esmer



Famous film director Levent (45), the honorary guest of Söke Film Festival from İstanbul, is completely unaware of Aliye (25), a housekeeper at the hotel where he is staying. However, Aliye, who is trying to tailor a new life story for herself, knows Levent and his films very well. Aliye’s intriguing story brings together these two distant people with completely different lives. Now, they have to choose between reality and fiction.

O da Bir Şey mi / And The Rest Will Follow 2025 LINK

DCP, Color, 114', Turkish, Aspect Ratio   1.85:1 (FLAT) Dolby Digital

Countries of Production:Türkiye - Bulgaria - Romania

Aliye (25) a young hotel housekeeper has never left her small town Söke where time runs slower, quieter and less promising compared to İstanbul, the home town of well-known film director Levent (45). Aliye sees Levent under the stage lights as an honored guest of the Söke Film Festival, whereas he sees only her arm through the velvet curtain drawn across a service window between the hotel bar and kitchen where she serves clean glasses to the bar counter. All night he watches her arm from the bar side of the curtain while on her kitchen side she stalks and listens to the bar regulars competing with the dramas of their life stories in the presence of this famous director.

Wait till you hear mine, she says to herself one day and starts her story she meticulously dreams and lives, slowly recording a tailormade life story for herself. Aliye’s voice recordings slowly leak into Levent’s life in İstanbul as he is at the edge of an end of story with his wife. Listening to this invisible young woman carries him to some moments from his past that have been waiting until today to shade into a reflective film which will eventually bring him once again to Aliye’s town Söke.

Levent, sitting again at the bar side of the velvet curtain, this time hearing Aliye’s true story from someone else, thinks her life would make a beautiful film and asks her to appear in real. Having listened to her own true story behind the other side of the curtain, Aliye seems more interested in the character she has created by her own hands and leaves the truth to the others.

 

Credits

Director:  Pelin Esmer; Screenplay: Pelin Esmer; Producers: Dilde Mahalli; Pelin Esmer; Kerem Çatay ; Co-Producers: Poli Angelova (Screening Emotions, BG); Nikolay Todorov (Screening Emotions, BG); Tudor Giurgiu (Libra Films, RO); Associate Producers:Esra Kutlu, Bogdan Craciun

Supported by: Eurimages; T.C. Kültür Bakanlığı Sinema Genel Müdürlüğü; Bulgarian National Film Center

Director of PhotographyBarbu Balasoiu

EditingÖzcan Vardar; Art DirectorElif Taşcıoğlu; Set Designer & Consulting Architect: Cem Sorguç; SoundSamet Yılmaz; Sound DesignAleksandar Simeonov; Sound MixAleksandar Simeonov, Ivan Andreev; Executive Producer Selim Güntürkün; Costume: Merve Ertan

Post-production StudiosAbt (istanbul); Geniuspark (istanbul); Sonus Film Post (sofya); Avanpost (bükreş)

INTERNATIONAL PRESS Brigitta PORTIER

brigittaportier@alibicommunications.be

Whatsapp :+32477982584 www.alibicommunications.be

PRODUCER ROSA FILM DİLDE MAHALLİ

dmhalli@gmail.com Whatsapp :+905326315280

Bio 

Pelin Esmer studied sociology at Boğaziçi University before continuing her education at Yavuz Özkan’s Z1 Film Workshop. She worked as an assistant director on documentary and fiction films before founding her own film company, Sinefilm. She began making independent films in 2001, directing The Collector, The Play, 10 to 11, Watchtower, Something Useful, Queen Lear, and And The Rest Will Follow.

Her first film, The Collector (2001), followed her uncle Mithat Esmer through the streets of Istanbul, exploring his passion for collecting. The documentary won the Best Documentary Film award at the Independent Rome Film Festival.

She then learned about the theater adventures of peasant women in Mersin-Arslanköy through a newspaper article. With a small crew, she traveled to the village and filmed these women as they transformed their life stories into a theater play. The documentary film titled The Play (2005) premiered at the Istanbul Film Festival and made its international premiere at the San Sebastian Film Festival. The film was screened at more than fifty international film festivals and won the Best Documentary Film award at the Creteil, Bucharest, and Trieste Film Festivals. Pelin Esmer was awarded the Best New Documentary Filmmaker award at the Tribeca Film Festival for her first feature film.

The Play was followed by her first fiction film, 10 to 11 (2009). She completed the screenplay for her film, inspired by her documentary The Collector, at the Cinefondation artist residency of the Cannes Film Festival, where she was invited. Starring Mithat Esmer and Nejat İşler, 10 to 11 made its international premiere in the official selection of the San Sebastian Film Festival. It toured many festivals, including Toronto, Rotterdam, Tallinn, and received numerous national and international awards including special jury prize at Istanbul Film Festival, best film and best script awards at the Adana Golden Boll Film Festival, FIBRESCI award at Tromso Film Festival. Esmer received the Best Director award at the Abu Dhabi Film Festival for this film from one of her favorite directors Abbas Kiarostami.

Another fictional film she wrote and directed, Watchtower (2012), tells the story of Nihat (Olgun Şimşek), who takes refuge in a fire watchtower at the top of a forest, and Seher (Nilay Erdönmez), who takes shelter in a small bus station on the side of a highway in Tosya. The film made its international premiere at the Toronto Film Festival. It was subsequently screened at festivals in many countries, including Rotterdam, Gothenburg, and Taipei, received numerous international & national awards. Following the release of the film in US, Esmer was invited as a guest of the Caravanserai Program where she attended special screenings in Idaho, Hawaii, Alaska, Kansas City and Washington State.

The Watchtower was followed by Something Useful (2017), which she co-wrote with the writer Barış Bıçakçı. The film, which brings together a poet (Başak Köklükaya), a nurse (Öykü Karayel), and a bedridden engineer (Yiğit Özşener) who have never met before, was largely shot on a train and in Izmir. Something Useful was invited to numerous international festivals. It won the Best Screenplay awards at the Tallinn Black Nights Film Festival and the Adana Golden Boll Film Festival, FIPRESCI award and the Best Screenplay award at the Istanbul Film Festival among many other international and national awards.

Pelin Esmer, fourteen years after her first feature film, The Play, shot the documentary Queen Lear (2019) with the same women of Arslanköy again. In Queen Lear, a road movie, she follows the female protagonists as they leave their village and go on tour to remote corners of Mersin and Anamur. She completed the editing of the film in Berlin, where she was invited by the DAAD Artist-in-Residence Program. After its premiere at the Sarajevo Film Festival, Queen Lear was screened at numerous international film festivals, including Doc. Fest Munich, FIPADOC, and Gothenburg, and won awards at the Adana Golden Boll Film Festival(Turkey), Guangzhou (China), Tetouan (Morocco), and Le FIFA (Canada).

Invited by the Camargo Foundation to an artist residency in Cassis, France, in the fall of 2019, Pelin Esmer began working on her screenplay And The Rest Will Follow. Completed in 2025, the film had its premiere at the Rotterdam Film Festival. It was awarded the Best Screenplay prize in the international competition section of the Istanbul Film Festival. While And The Rest Will Follow continues its festival journey, Pelin Esmer is continuing her work on her new screenplay.

Filmography

2025 And the Rest Will Follow

fiction, 114’, writer, director, producer

2019 Queen Lear

documentary, 84’, writer, director, producer, editor

2017 Something Useful

fiction, 107’ writer, director, producer, editor

2012 Watchtower

fiction, 100’ writer, director, producer, editor

2009 10 to 11

fiction, 110’ writer, director, producer, editor

2005 The Play

documentary, 70’ writer, director, producer, camera, editor

2002 The Collector

documentary, 46’ writer, director, producer, camera

 



Awards | 62nd International Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival

Seyfettin Tokmak's "Rabbit Empire" won the Best Film Award in the National Feature Film Competition at the 62nd International Antalya Golden Orange Film Festival. "Rabbit Empire" dominated the evening by winning seven awards. Following the ceremony, all award recipients posed for a commemorative photo on stage.



"Rabbit Empire" Best Film

Sevin Okyay announced the Best Director Award, which went to Seyfettin Tokmak, director of "Rabbit Empire." Rabbit Empire" tells the story of 12-year-old Musa, who dreams of creating a world where his father can save wild rabbits from the greyhound races and feed them in the mine. Seyfettin Tokmak, who volunteered for three years as a film instructor for children in Ümraniye juvenile detention, set out to transform the "childhood melancholy" he saw in them into a film. He found the depth he was looking for in Musa's character in Alpay Kaya, whom he met while working as a shepherd in the village of Darboğaz in Kars.



Accepting the award from Okyay, Tokmak said, "I'd like to thank my team and all my friends in Elazığ. I spent three or four years in a juvenile prison. I volunteered as a film teacher for children. You show them colorful things, but they were asleep. My experiences there motivated me to make this film. I've seen children in great difficulty throughout my life. Yaşar Kemal's book, 'Children are Human Beings,' is very precious to me. I'm receiving the award for Yaşar Kemal." Seyfettin Tokmak also received the FİLM-YÖN Best Director Award. Performing on stage for the sixth time, Tokmak said, "It's like a miracle. Am I going to die? I feel so hard. It's like my last day. Receiving this award from such esteemed directors. I worked so hard, and I died from complaints and financial hardship. There's nothing better in the world than being rewarded for my hard work."

Tokmak, who first took the stage to receive the film critics' awards, returned to the stage repeatedly throughout the night to accept the Best Supporting Actor (Sermet Yeşil), Best Art Director (Tora Aghabayova), and Best Cinematographer (Claudia Becerril Bulos) awards on behalf of the winners.



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EMPIRE OF THE RABBITS / TAVŞAN İMPARATORLUĞU
Seyfettin Tokmak | TÜRKİYE, MEXICO, CROATIA

Somewhere in rural Turkey, 12-year-old Musa has recently lost his mother, and his father Beko is now insisting that the boy join other local boys in pretending to be disabled and attending a special needs school a money-making scheme designed to cheat the state of disability funding run by Beko’s criminal boss Muzaffer He also runs an illegal greyhound race, with Beko providing the rabbits for prey while he learns the tricks of playing a cripple from Muzaffer’s young daughter Nergis. As the suppression of their adult world increases, Musa rescues her into his dream of a rabbit empire founded in an old mine.

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"Rabbit Empire," announced by Ömer Vargı, won the Best Film Award. The film's cast took the stage to accept the award. Director Seyfettin Tokmak accepted the award. Tokmak said, "We have nothing left to say. The jury is very important to us. This film has been shown in many places around the world. It's wonderful that it's being shown in the country where it was produced. I will never forget this night. There are so many people who aren't here. Everyone put so much effort into this film. I really want the children with disabilities in the film to see it. There could be no greater award in life."

If there were an audience award at the Golden Orange Awards, it would likely have gone to Hasan Tolga Pulat's "Fragmented Years," which earned Yetkin Dikinciler the Best Actor award. The film, which stars Dikinciler as actor Aytekin Aktaş, who overcame financial hardship with "erotic comedies" in the 1975 Yeşilçam film "Hamlet" and "Parted Şevket," had frequently erupted in applause. Upon accepting the award, Dikinciler touched upon the "sanctity of the profession," concluding his speech by saying, "What could be more valuable than the right to live honorably, humanely, and freely? My thanks and greetings to those who gave up and sacrificed for this."

At the end of the ceremony, Öykü Karayel was presented with the "Festival Medal," a medal awarded for the first time last year and given to a different artist each year. Receiving the medal, Karayel said, "Art will save us again. Therefore, let's not interfere with the spaces where art can breathe. I hope to present it with the same pride next year." 

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Films in the National Feature Competition: 

The Breath We Take, Aldığımız Nefes
Ties, Bağlar,
Roots and Passions, Kökler ve Tutkular
Barcelona, ​​
Fragments from the East, Doğudan Fragmanlar
The Most Beautiful Funeral Songs, En Güzel Cenaze Şarkıları
A mosaic of stories: a grieving widow, soon-to-be newlyweds, an artist's intimate revelation, and a birthday gathering for someone who passed away. Each tale weaves into the next, creating an intricate narrative tapestry.
Early Winter, Erken Kış
Kanto, 
Noir, 
"Noir," directed by Ragıp Ergün, focuses on a director planning to settle on a deserted island far from Istanbul to shoot his farewell film. He is then lynched after crying at the funeral of a girl he doesn't know. In the film, Ergün attempts to approach femicide from a unique perspective.

Like a Felled Tree, Kesilmiş Bir Ağaç Gibi
"Like a Cut Tree" tells the story of Refik, a retired engineer who, having failed in a previous venture and gone bankrupt, finds himself unable to truly feel a sense of family with his son, who only has a relationship with him for money, and his daughter, who plans to settle abroad. He embraces Nesrin, a Syrian refugee, and her two young sons as family. Director Tunç Davut and producer/screenwriter Sinem Altındağ weave a multitude of issues into the escalating pace of Nesrin's disappearance, leaving Refik with two children. Filmed in Mersin, a city densely populated by refugees, the film explores issues such as family relationships, the refugee problem, gender inequality, and social decay.

Davut explained that they felt the need to examine immigrants and the social fabric of society while working on the script. In the post-screening interview, he said, "The story began to take shape around family relationships, marginalization, social structure, class distinctions, and conscience. We tried to portray an elderly man's conscience and the crumbling middle-class family structure." 

Fragmented Years, Parçalı Yıllar,
Mercy from the Owner, Sahibinden Rahmet

Rabbit Empire., Tavşan İmparatorluğu.
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Awards

National Feature Film Competition Best Film: Rabbit Empire

Dr. Avni Tolunay Special Jury Prize: The Breath We Take (Written by Şeyhmus Altun, Fevziye Hazal)

Behlül Dal Best First Film Award: The Owner's Mercy (Emre Sert, Gözde Yetişkin)

National Feature Film Competition Best Director Award: Seyfettin Tokmak (Rabbit Empire)

Cahide Sonku Award: Bilge Şen (Fragmented Years)

Cahide Sonku Award: Ezgi Yaren Karademir (Ties, Roots, and Passions)

Cahide Sonku Award: Nanaz Bahram (Ties, Roots, and Passions)

National Feature Film Competition Best Screenplay Award: The Owner's Mercy (Emre Sert, Gözde Yetişkin)

National Feature Film Competition Best Cinematography Award: Claudia Becerril Bulos (Rabbit Empire)

National Feature Film Competition Best Music Award: Fragmented Years (İrsel Çivit)

National Feature Film Competition Best Editing Award: Şöhret Tandoğdu / Deniz Çizmeci (Noir)

National Feature Film Competition Best Art Direction Award: Tora Aghabayova (Rabbit Empire)


National Feature Film Competition Best Actress Award: Leyla Tanlar (Early Winter)




National Feature Film Competition Best Actor Award: Yetkin Dikinciler (Fragmented Years)

National Feature Film Competition Best Supporting Actress Award: Yıldız Kültür (Kanto)

National Feature Film Competition Best Supporting Actor Award: Sermet Yeşil (Rabbit Empire)

FİLM-YÖN Special Best Director Award: Seyfettin Tokmak (Rabbit Empire)

Best National Documentary Film: Like a Novel

Documentary Competition Special Jury Award: Yerli, Devletsiz

National Competition Best Short Film: Till Death Do Us Part

Short Film Jury Award: Bimba

International Sungu Çapan Film Critics Award: The Divine Comedy (Ali Asgari)

National Sungu Çapan Film Critics Special Jury Prize: The Rabbit Empire (Seyfettin Tokmak)

International Film Competition Best Film Award: A Poet (A Poet)

International Film Competition Special Jury Prize: The Divine Comedy (Ali Asgari)

International Competition Best Director: Tereza Nvotova (Father)

International Competition Best Actress: Lea Drucker (Adam's Sake)

International Competition Best Actor: Ubeimar Rios (A Poet)

GAIN Special Jury Prize at the Film Schools Student Film Awards: What is the Perfect Measure?

Student Film Awards Best Film Award: The Hum of the Mound

Saturday, November 01, 2025

A remembrance | Agâh Özgüç (1932-2022)

Mavi Boncuk |

My friend Agâh Efendi,

It's been fifty years since you descended from the Babıâli hill to Yeşilçam. You loved cinema so much; producing so much work could only be achieved through love. Otherwise, who would have written the glossary of cinema, the "Dictionary of Turkish Films 1914-2008"? This book has become an inventory of our cinema. It's a work greatly utilized by the Ministry of Culture, film-professional associations, and film critics. With your latest English translation, you've inscribed your name in world cinema history. You've also documented the memories of cinema's secret history in dozens of books. Your first book, "Turkish Cinema with Posters," the "Dictionary of Turkish Film Producers and Directors," countless exhibitions... Tens of thousands of documents and their publications. You are a true culmination of the title of chronicler Agâh. Spending sixty years of a seventy-seven-year life writing, and then producing and collecting documents throughout all of those years, publishing them and offering them to institutions and universities... A life can only be lived this productively.

My dear Agâh, you have received countless awards. But being crowned with the Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts' Cinema Honorary Award is, in my opinion, the greatest of all.

Live long, produce much, dear Agâh.- Necip Sarıcı dedication address when Agâh Özgüç was awarded the Cinema Honorary Award at the 28th Istanbul Film Festival in 2009.


Cahide Sonku and Agah Özgüç

Agah Özgüç patiently toured the sets of films being shot in Turkey, particularly during the 1960s filmmakers' era, and meticulously recorded each film's identities. Those unfamiliar with film history may struggle to grasp the difficulty and importance of such endeavors. Building theoretical knowledge about history requires primarily written and visual documents.

Because almost all academics working on film history in our country lacked documentary archives, when they sought to publish, they either produced eclectic works referencing previous publications or consulted Agah Özgüç and the esteemed film critic Burçak Evren, who also possessed one of Turkey's most important cinema documentary archives.



Agah Özgüç passed away in Istanbul on Thursday, April 28, 2022. His funeral was held at the Üsküdar Şakirin Mosque following the afternoon prayer on Friday, April 29, 2022, was attended by Özgüç's family as well as many figures from the world of culture and art and he was buried at the Karacaahmet Cemetery.



AGAH ÖZGÜÇ

Agâh Özgüç, or Agâh Nedim Özgüç (January 7, 1932, Kocaeli - April 27, 2022, Istanbul), was a Turkish writer, critic, and journalist.

Özgüç was born on January 7, 1932, in the Kandıra district of Kocaeli. His mother's side is Georgian from Batumi, and his father's side is Bulgarian. He attended Yeşilköy Pension School and Haydarpaşa High School.


In the 1950s, he wrote poems and essays for numerous literary magazines published in Istanbul and the provinces under the influence of Attila İlhan, including Yelken, Petek, Şairler Yapragi, Türk Sanati, and Salkım. 

He began professional journalism in 1961. He worked in the film-magazine-focused magazines of the time, such as Artist, Sinema, Ses, and Perde. He continued his work periodically in the newspapers Hafta Sonu, Ekspres, Akşam, Yeni Gazete, and Milliyet (Sunday newspaper), as well as in monthly magazines such as Erkekce, Kadınca, Bravo, Playboy, and Playmen. 

He wrote for TV's 7 Days, Video News, Gelişim Cinema; Album, Öküz, Cumhuriyet Magazine, Antrakt, Popular Cinema, Beyaz Perde, Popular History, and many other magazines, the number of which she has lost count. He contributed visual material from her private archives to many publications. She also consulted on film documentaries. Meanwhile, he edited the 12-issue Cinema 65 magazine. Her 10-year tenure at the renowned weekly magazine Pazar passed. She retired from Has Holding's Haftanın Sesi Newspaper, where he spent another 10 years, without receiving her full severance pay. 

He used the name Berna İlhan pen name in some of his articles and books. He wrote from the popular publications to the most serious newspapers, from outside to inside, that is, with or without a staff, periodical or temporary. In this 55-year period, there was hardly a publication he didn't write for or work for.

And despite all this effort, he still couldn't make it to the top in this country from an economic perspective.

He assisted Tarık Dursun K on the film "Kelebekler Çift Uçar" (The Butterflies Fly in Pairs). He organized exhibitions of Turkish Film Posters both at home and abroad.

He published his first book jointly with Giovanni Scognamillo.

Since 1961, he has made his living solely as a writer. Currently, in addition to working on new books, he has been writing for Milliyet Art Magazine for nine years. It is unclear where he will write tomorrow, depending on the country's conditions.

He became a film writer, receiving the Golden Artemis award from the Faculty of Fine Arts at Dokuz Eylül University in 1992 for his contributions to Turkish Cinema with his visual materials and book works. In 1992-93, he received the Cinema Award from the Ankara Art Association for the same reasons. In 2004, he was chosen as the "Filmperson of the Year" by IFSA. In 1999, the Aziz Nesin Labor Award was given by the 11th Ankara International Film Festival for the following reason: "...he has endlessly documented all the important, even seemingly insignificant, details about our cinema. Those who research any truth about our cinema cannot do without consulting his books. It is impossible to understand and accurately evaluate our cinema without studying his documents. He was deemed worthy of this most important award because he continued this work throughout his life."

Most recently, in 2007, he received the 'Labor Award' from the Anadolu University Faculty of Communication Sciences at the 9th International Eskisehir Film Festival. And in 2009, he was given the 'Cinema Honorary Award' at the 28th Istanbul Film Festival. 



Major Books [in Turkish]:

Genre Film Dictionary 1914-1992, 4 volumes/Sesam Publishing.

Genre Cinema Censorship File/Koza

Firsts in Genre Cinema/Yılmaz

Cinema in its 80th Year/Culture Ministry

Cinema: A File on Murders and Suicides/Theater

Film Producers Dictionary/Fiyap

Cinema from Its Beginning to the Present in 100 Films/Bilgi

Şoray - A Diva in Genre Cinema/Açikşehir

Yılmaz Güney with All His Films/Agora

Turkish Film Directors Dictionary/Agora

Genre Cinema in Posters/Mimeray

Turkish Cinema in Genres/World

Notes from the Diary of a Film Critic/PMP 

The History of Sexuality in Genre Cinema/PMP

Cinema in 1000 Frames/Golden Orange

Producers, Films, and Posters/Horizon ·

Istanbul in Turkish Cinema/Horizon


Major Books [in Turkish]:

TürkFilmleri Sözlüğü 1914-1992, 4 cilt/Sesam Yay.

Türk Sineması Sansür Dosyası/Koza

Türk Sineması'nda İlkler /Yılmaz

80. Yılında Türk Sineması/Kültür Bakanlığı

Türk Sineması'nda Cinayetler ve İntiharlar Dosyası/Vizyon

Türk Film Yapımcıları Sözlüğü /Fiyap

100 Filmde Başlangıcından Günümüze Türk Sineması/Bilgi

Türkan Şoray - Türk Sinemasında Bir Diva/ Açıkşehir

Bütün Filmleriyle Yılmaz Güney/ Agora

Türk Film Yönetmenleri Sözlüğü/ Agora

Afişlerle TürkSineması/Mimeray

Türlerle Türk Sineması/Dünya

Bir Sinema Yazarının Günlüğünden Aykırı Notlar /PMP .

Türk Sinemasında Cinselliğin Tarihi/PMP

1000 Karede Türk Sineması/ Altın Portakal

Yapımcılar, Filmler ve Afişler /Horizon ·

Türk Sinemasında lstanbul/Horizon




Friday, October 31, 2025

Article | Movie theater and warehouse fires by Agâh ÖZGÜÇ


Movie theater and warehouse fires

Agâh ÖZGÜÇ

Photos Agâh Özgüç Archive

November 27, 2021

Turkey's cinematic history is also a history of series of fires. As a nation generally incapable of preserving and preserving, we've lost many of our old films to fires, sometimes sparked by the security guard's cigarettes or the heat of lamps. Our disasters didn't stop there; we've had theaters whose entire ceilings collapsed on the audience during screenings because a pillar was cut off, and we've had producers and directors burn down their own films in protest. Fortunately, technology no longer allows productions to be erased from history in a matter of seconds, but what's gone is gone... Films, theaters, people... It's astonishing that our films, which constitute a historical process, vanish one after another, one by one, as the old saying goes, into obscurity—that is, their disappearance. And, of course, it's heartbreaking for Turkish cinema. In reality, this is an inevitable consequence of our society lacking the instinct for ownership, preservation, and especially archiving. Before moving on to the cinema and warehouse fires in our country, we can touch upon the most tragicomic example of this dereliction and destruction.

 Susuz Yaz (Fotoğraf: MUBI Türkiye)

The late 1970s...

Ferdinant Manukyan, the renowned Yeşilçam banker of the time, also owned the Yıldız Film Studio in Bomonti (Şişli). The studio building, where technical work was carried out, was slated for demolition. An advertisement was placed in Hürriyet newspaper for the films piled high in tin cans, but no producer came to claim their goods. The deadline ran out, and Manukyan was desperate. After a long wait, he was forced to leave all the films at his doorstep.

What happened next?

According to a rumor (unless it's an "urban legend"), the films were loaded onto a truck and dumped into the sea off Sarayburnu. Is that true?

Which Turkish films were piled up at his doorstep or thrown into the sea? Were there any survivors?

What a coincidence... Only one of the most important films in the history of Turkish cinema survived: Metin Erksan's internationally award-winning film, "Susuz Yaz." Sound engineer and producer Necip Sarıcı found the negative of that film among the discarded films...

Due to inappropriateness or various other reasons, our films were thrown here and there, and sometimes ruthlessly burned. While we're at it, we can share a memory from movie theater operator and producer Cemil Filmer about this film burning incident.

After Şakir-Kemal Seden, İhsan İpekçi, Halil Kamil, Fuat Rutkay, and Hürrem Erman, Cemil Filmer was one of the most important producers of his time. In 1928, Filmer wasn't yet a producer; he was an importer and manager of foreign films. He worked with American majors like Paramount and Warner Bros. "...A decision made overnight reduced the value of the films printed in the old letters we filmmakers had to zero. I took all my old films to Hürriyet Hill, struck a match, and burned them. Buying and replacing them was a great disaster for us. We had to work day and night for five years, earning nothing, to compensate for the loss," says Cemil Filmer.

Fortunately, not all of the films Filmer "struck a match" and burned were domestic productions; they were all foreign. But why did he burn so many films?

There must have been a reason.

The story unfolded as follows.

When a law approved by the Turkish Grand National Assembly in November 1928 introduced the Latin alphabet and banned the use of Arabic letters, filmmakers were left in a difficult position. Film importers, in particular, were put in a difficult position.

According to the fourth article of this ten-article law, all intertitles of imported foreign films were to be translated into Turkish. Yet, our filmmakers' warehouses contain so many films with intertitles in the old script...

However, converting these intertitles to Turkish script in a short timeframe was both difficult and costly, considering the conditions of the time. Although a group of prominent film importers, including Cemil Filmer, filed a joint petition with the authorities to resolve this issue, the outcome remained unchanged. In an unexpected decision, the filmmakers' request for a solution was rejected. Cemil Filmer, deeply disappointed, burned the films as a result.

After these two interesting, yet significant, incidents, we can move on to the cinema and warehouse fires.

Deniz Kızı (Baha Gelenbevi) Tünel'deki Ses Film Stüdyosu yangınında yanıp kül olan yerli yapımlarımızdan biri

Cemil Filmer, who operated movie theaters in Istanbul, Izmir, Ankara, Adana, and Mersin, as well as abroad and even in Paris, speaks of a movie theater fire he witnessed. Since it occurred in the years following Izmir's liberation from Greek occupation (though he doesn't specify a specific date in his memoirs), this fire must have occurred in the 1920s.

Filmer, who had operated as a "tenant" until then, now owns the first movie theater in Izmir, which he named "Ankara." After a difficult struggle, he was freed from the lease. The Asri Cinema, with which he faced commercial competition, is located in a corner below Ankara Cinema. "That day, one of our kids came running and told me the Asri Cinema was on fire. I jumped out of the office and ran. When I arrived at the cinema, I saw that the films had caught fire in the machine room. The cinema manager, holding a water hose, had forgotten to turn on the tap, completely stupefied. He stared at the fire with wide, terrified eyes. I snatched the hose from his hand. Our kids rushed over, and we extinguished the fire. Just then, the manager, Mr. Saim, came and hugged me. Our friendship with him remained unbroken for years after that," says Cemil Filmer.

According to Ali Özüyar's research, one of Izmir's oldest cinemas, which suffered a fire in 1922, is the Palas Cinema on the Kordon. After an earthquake, the cinema, rendered unusable, was renovated and renamed Tayyare Cinema. The operating tenant of the completely renovated cinema was Halil Kamil.

The main cause of these cinema and warehouse fires was the use of "nitrocellulose and camphor-based" films, which ignite easily in the heat. And it was a fact that the 1935 Turkish Cinema fire in Istanbul was traced to the same cause.

In fact, the fire broke out right in front of the Turkish Cinema. Films scheduled for release in the new season ignited one after another as they were being unloaded from a truck. Five of the films that burned were foreign-made productions imported by Halil Kamil.

In these fires, not only films were destroyed, but innocent people and filmgoers also lost their lives as victims of accidents.

A similar tragic fire occurred four years earlier (1931) at the Agopyan Han, the film warehouse building in Galata, Istanbul. Seven people lost their lives and many were injured.

Yeni Sabah, 1 Mart 1948

In two subsequent studio fires in 1944 and 1945, many films would be destroyed. Mermaid (Baha Gelenbevi) is one of our domestic productions that was burned to ashes in the fire at the Ses Film Studio in Tünel Revani Street (next to Santral Cinema, Beyoğlu), owned by foreign film operator and producer Necip Erses.

Due to the intensity of studio work during those years, the Marmara Film Studio, jointly established by Sabahat Filmer, one of the owners of Lale Film, along with Şakir Seden (Kemal Film) and Osman Sirman (Özen Film), in Beyoğlu, fell into disuse.

The year was 1947...

And again, a second fire in Beyoğlu destroyed the Doğan Film Studio. According to a report in the Yeni Sabah newspaper, the incident occurred as follows:

"On the evening of November 12, 1947, a fire broke out at the Doğan Film Studio in Hacopulo Han, opposite the English Palace in Beyoğlu, completely burning down two floors of the building. It was alleged that the Doğan Film Studio, jointly owned by City Theater actors Mahmut Moralı, Cahide Sonku, and Şadiye Mustak, was insured for 120,000 lira, and that negligence and deliberate intent were implicated in the incident. Assistant prosecutor B. Şakir heard the studio's partners, and a lawsuit was filed against trustee Herman Nevruzyan, who was found to have been negligent in the fire.

" Another allegation is that the fire started when films caught fire during editing. According to calculations based on 1940s standards, the material damage to the studio floors from the burned films is approximately 310,000 lira.

In those years, the old Şehzadebaşı district, like Beyoğlu and Kadıköy, was one of the areas with a high concentration of movie theaters. The Ferah Cinema, run by Emrah Şimşek, is located on the street leading towards Beyazıt. The fire in 1948 broke out in the cinema's box office. The flames first engulfed the building and then spread to the adjacent pudding shop and photography supply stores. Although the Fatih Fire Department arrived, the entire cinema building, owned by Molla Salahaddin, was completely destroyed. The damage was extensive. Only the tenants on the upper floors were rescued from the Ferah Cinema fire, suffering head injuries. Two poor women, one Turkish, the other Armenian...

Ten years later, in 1958, we witnessed another fire, this time at Cemil Filmer's Lale Film Studio in Mecidiyeköy. At the time, the villa belonging to the Filmer family, nestled in a forest surrounded by mulberry trees, had been converted into a film studio. The fire broke out in the engine room. Another spark flashed. One of the films that burned was Atıf Yılmaz's Kumpanya (Company).

In studio and warehouse fires, films were ignited by a single spark, and people were dying like sacrificial lambs. Who were the culprits?

Was it films with flammable bases?

How would these "lost films," which constitute the memory of a cinematic history, be recovered?

How would the rights of these films, which were being tossed around like worthless goods whose expiration dates had expired, and the rights of the producers who suffered financial losses be protected?

After lengthy negotiations between film importers and producers and Istanbul Municipality officials, a solution was finally found. And this was the final "resort" that came with a "ban." Istanbul Municipality Decree No. 1580 prohibited the storage and preservation of films in unprotected warehouses and production company offices within the city center. From now on, all motion pictures would be kept in a single warehouse outside the city, guarded by two guards.

Some time later, an abandoned two-story building was discovered on the hills of Aynalıkavak, Hasköy. This derelict building, which until a few years ago housed garbage collectors on the upper floor and garbage trucks on the lower floor, was, according to the filmmakers, unfit for use. Nevertheless, after a necessary renovation, they moved to this building next to the Kulaksız Cemetery. At least, a more secure, shared film storage facility was finally established.

But tragically, on the night of July 19-20 (1959), a fire destroyed the Istanbul Municipality Film Storage. Along with hundreds of domestic and foreign films. According to Istanbul Fire Department Director Tarık Özavcı's report on the fire, which took approximately three and a half hours to extinguish:

"...films belonging to various companies were completely burned, and it was found that watchman Hamdi Sağna and his mistress Fitnat were dead in bed in the hall on the left side of the building's first floor. It is highly probable that the fire started when the bed and quilt were ignited by a cigarette smoked by night watchman Sağna in the upstairs hall..."

According to a report in Yeni İstanbul newspaper the next day, İsmail, the other night watchman of the warehouse whose testimony was taken, escaped unharmed.

1923'te açılan Elhamra 1999'da yandı

Fortunately, this time, the culprit wasn't the flammable films. So, this time, the only culprit was a single cigarette, forgotten to be extinguished...

In terms of the number of films released or never seen before an audience, this is the largest fire in Turkish cinema history. According to research by film critic Erdoğan Tokatlı after the fire, thirteen film companies were damaged. Kemal Film (Şakir Seden), Fitaş Film (İhsan İpekçi), Lale Film (Cemil Filmer), Ha-Ka Film (Halil Kamil), Koçanga Film (Aleko Cangopulos), Maden Film (Akif Maden), Yurt Film (Kazım Yurdakul), Erman Film (Hürrem Erman), and the Star, Mondial, Sürat, Ceylan, and Toros film companies.

According to Alican Sekmeç's later research, the total number of film companies damaged would rise to seventeen. Including Işık Film (Agop Fındıkyan), Reks Film (Vasil Anas), Elektra Film (Yorgo Saris), and Özen Film (Osman Sirman).

Aside from foreign imported films, the most devastating losses for Turkish cinema in this fire were our own films. The Turkish producers who suffered the most losses were Fuat Rutkay with sixty films and Şakir Seden with twenty-seven. And according to one claim, a total of three hundred and fifty local film copies were burned...

İstanbul Belediyesi Film Deposu yangınından sonra çıkan bir haber

While this Aynalıkavak incident has gone down in history as "the largest film warehouse fire in Turkish cinema history," the truly tragic event that strikes a chord is the Küçükyalı "Neşe Cinema disaster."

The year is 1959 again. But it was long before this warehouse fire. It was the night of January 24th, a Saturday. This was neither a fire nor an Istanbul earthquake. The Neşe Cinema in the Yeşilyurt Apartments collapsed during a screening of the film "The Teahouse on the August," starring Marlon Brando. The audience was trapped under the rubble of the collapsed ceiling and balcony. The result was tragic. Thirty-seven dead and nearly fifty injured...

The expert report details the exact cause of the disaster:

"Columns were cut to widen the hall, poor materials were used, and the cement ratio, which should have been forty percent, was kept at fifteen percent. Even though concrete had been poured in some sections of the building that day, a film was shown that same night. Furthermore, the construction was carried out in violation of regulations, and sea sand was used." Erdinç Akkuş, a native of Küçükyalı and a long-time resident of the neighborhood who witnessed this horrific tragedy sixty-two years ago, recalls the following:

"The most painful event in this life-and-death struggle was the screaming deaths of three siblings. It was the tragedy of their father, a staff colonel and Korean War veteran, Mehmet Öcal. The loss of his daughters, Nilgün and Gülgün, and his son, Toygun Öcal, who was studying engineering, plunged Küçükyalı into mourning. And the grieving father laments his children's graves every day..."

The fires continue... With the year 1973, the night of September 4th to September 5th, the Istanbul State Academy of Fine Arts Film Archive fire in Fındıklı...

Moreover, this important archive initiative, which is part of a state institution and primarily protects new productions, was made possible thanks to Sami Şekeroğlu, who dedicated his entire life to cinema. While it differs from previous uncontrolled warehouse fires in terms of its enhanced preservation and maintenance, the State Film Archive fire in Fındıklı is nonetheless quite thought-provoking. And once again, Turkish filmmakers were in a difficult situation. Producer Hürrem Erman would say the following about the fire:

"...I learned about the fire at home this morning. Our films were there, too. Of course, I was alarmed. After the previous municipal fire, I couldn't bear another devastation. We had produced only about thirty films in those years. And now? Almost over a hundred... What if they all burned down? They had no insurance. We tried to contact Mr. Sami (Şekeroğlu), but there was no one to tell us what had happened. After all that had happened, I decided to take the film archive to court, but who was I to blame?"

In addition to Erman's, Memduh Ün's films were also burned. Some films about Atatürk were also burned. And according to the expert report dated September 4, 1973, the fire was caused "by the lamps near the shelves in the archive being left burning, and their heat spread to the films inside the boxes."

So, the "culprits" were the "lamps" that had been forgotten to be turned off...

The year was 1995...

The Site Cinema in Şişli, Osmanbey, opened in 1958 by then-Prime Minister Adnan Menderes, was one of the most magnificent theaters on that side of the border. The fire at the Site Cinema, operated by the Özen Film Company (Mehmet Soyarslan), was tragic, as two of our people lost their lives: Malatya filmmaker Mustafa Özyeşil and one of the company's employees, İhsan Kılıç...

The year was 1999...

Atatürk'ün 1930'daki Elhamra ziyaretinden

The Elhamra (Cine Alhambra) was one of Beyoğlu's oldest cinemas, formerly on the Grand Rue de Pera. It had opened in 1923. With a history spanning seventy-six years, the Elhamra's most special and esteemed guest was Atatürk. He had seen the film "Koner Eğleniyor" (Congress is Entertaining) starring Lilian Harvey there in 1932 (February 23).

Film importer and producer Hasan Tual was the last operator of the Elhamra Cinema. Before the fire, his son, Mustafa Tual...

Thank goodness there weren't any Turkish films in the Elhamra Cinema fire. All that was burned to ashes were the seats, the engine room, and imported films. It was mostly Italian sex comedies with a sexual content. Along with the posters and lobby cards for such films in the warehouse...

"We said goodbye to another dream castle... Or perhaps Istanbul quietly lost another important venue. We say quietly because the demise of such a magnificent and storied structure didn't find its proper place in the context of current events. Even some newspaper and TV reports swept it aside briefly and unimportantly, as if it were just another fire report..." writes Burçak Evren.

This time, no one was found guilty of the fire...

Or was the "culprit" a "ghost saboteur"? Who knows?

Yerli yapım Büyü'nün 2004'te düzenlenen gala gecesinde salonda yangın çıkmıştı

A very different, very interesting cinema fire occurred in 2004. The first occurred during a "premiere night" fire. The G-Mall Cinebonus theaters in Dolmabahçe were once a favorite hangout for film critics. Those theaters, where breakfast press screenings and gala nights were held, were located on the road leading to Maçka and Nişantaşı. They were located where the once-famous Çiftlikpark Gazinosu (now Küçükçiftlik Park) stands.

I was there that night.

The film "Spell" was to be shown at the premiere, attended by distinguished guests and the press. The director of the film was Orhan Oğuz, and İpek Tuzcuoğlu was one of the lead actors.

Lighted candles were placed on both sides of the entrance to the cinema. The side walls were decorated with nylon curtains that stretched to the ceiling. Whoever thought of that, you had to walk through these burning candles to enter the theater.

The film started. After a while, there was a loud bang. The candles had ignited the nylon curtains. Is that all right? Panicking, the guests would crush each other to escape the pitch-dark, narrow corridor with their cell phone lights. When they emerged, everyone's nose, mouth, and face were completely blackened by the dense smoke...

And who were the culprits?

Still, "them," the candles?

Indeed, what happened that night was like a horror movie. Wasn't "Magic" an attempt at such a horror film?

Even if Cemil Filmer had burned his films "Bir Kız Kaçınca" (A Girl Missing Out) in front of the province in 1964, and Korhan Yurtseven's "Chain" in front of the Moda Cinema in 1989, what value would it have? In this country, renowned for its natural beauty, where centuries-old trees are cut down for the sake of profit, forests are burned to ashes...

REFERENCES

Cemil Filmer, Memories - 65 Years in Turkish Cinema, 1984, p. 168.

Ali Özüyar, The Man Who Made Cowboys Read Bozlak, Doruk Publications, May 2012, pp. 20-22.

Cemil Filmer, op. cit., pp. 41-42.

“Doğan Film Fire Investigation,” Yeni Sabah newspaper, January 18, 1948.

“Ferah Cinema Completely Burned Down,” Yeni Sabah newspaper, March 11, 1948.

Burçak Evren, Öztürk Birdal, “The Biggest Fire in Turkish Cinema,” Düşünen Şehir magazine, October 2018, issue: 7, pp. 67-71.

Alican Sekmeç, “Istanbul Municipality Film Warehouse Fire,” Altyazı magazine, November 2007.

“Aynalıkavak Fire Damages 10 Million Liras,” Yeni İstanbul newspaper, July 21, 1959.

Erdoğan Tokatlı, “The Dying Turkish Film Industry Burned to Death,” Pazar Postası magazine, July 26, 1959.

An interview with Erdinç Akkuş dated October 24, 2021.

Alican Sekmeç, “Film Warehouse Fire,” Altyazı magazine, January 2008.

Mustafa Gökmen, History of Turkish Cinema, Ajans Publications, 1999, p. 47.

Burçak Evren, “Farewell to the Elhamra,” Cumhuriyet magazine, issue: 675, February 28, 1999.

Agâh Özgüç, Istanbul in Turkish Cinema, Horizon Publications, pp. 54-55.

 

Sinema salonu ve depo yangınları

Tarih - Belge

Agâh ÖZGÜÇ

Fotoğraf

Agâh Özgüç Arşivi

27 Kasım 2021

 

Türkiye’nin sinema tarihi aynı zamanda bir seri yangınlar tarihidir. Genel olarak korumak ve saklamak konularında başarı gösteremeyen bir halk olarak pek çok eski yapımımızı kâh bekçinin sigarasından kâh lambanın ısısından çıkan yangınlara kurban verdik. Felaketlerimiz bunlarla da kalmadı; sütunu kesildiği için gösterim sırasında tüm tavanıyla seyirci üzerine çöken salonlarımız, protesto amacıyla kendi filmlerini yakıp yok eden yapımcı ve yönetmenlerimiz oldu. Neyse ki teknoloji artık yapımların birkaç saniyede tarihten silinmesine izin vermiyor ama giden gitti... Filmler, salonlar, insanlar...

Tarihsel bir süreci oluşturan filmlerimizin birbiri ardına ve pisi pisine, eski bir deyimle sırra kadem basmaları, yani yok oluşları şaşırtıcıdır. Ve elbette Türk sineması adına içler acısıdır. Gerçekte sahiplenme, koruma ve özellikle de arşivleme içgüdüsünden yoksun bir toplum olmamızın kaçınılmaz bir sonucudur bu. Ülkemizdeki sinema ve depo yangınlarına geçmeden önce bu sahipsizliğin, bu yok oluşun en trajikomik örneğine değinebiliriz.

Susuz Yaz (Fotoğraf: MUBI Türkiye)

1970’lerin sonları...

Dönemin ünlü Yeşilçam bankeri Ferdinant Manukyan, Bomonti’deki (Şişli) Yıldız Film Stüdyosu’nun da sahibidir. Teknik işlemlerin yapıldığı stüdyo binası için yıkım kararı alınmıştır. Teneke kutular içinde üst üste yığılmış filmler için Hürriyet gazetesine bir ilan verilir ancak ne var ki hiçbir yapımcı gelip malını almaz. Süre biter ve Manukyan çaresizdir. Uzun bir bekleyişten sonra tüm filmleri kapı önüne bırakmak zorunda kalır.

Sonra ne olur?

Bir söylentiye göre (eğer bir “şehir efsanesi” değilse) o filmler bir kamyona yüklenerek Sarayburnu’ndan denize atılır. İyi mi?

Kapı önüne yığılan ya da denize atılan o Türk filmleri hangileri? Aralarından kurtulanı hiç yok mu?

Tesadüf bu ya... Yalnızca Türk sineması tarihinin en önemli filmlerinden biri kurtulmuş. Metin Erksan’ın uluslararası ödüllü ünlü filmi Susuz Yaz. Ses mühendisi-yapımcı Necip Sarıcı bulmuş o filmin negatifini, kapı önüne bir çöp gibi atılmış filmler arasından...

Yersizlik ya da çeşitli bazı nedenlerle filmlerimiz oraya buraya atıldığı gibi kimi zaman da acımasızca yakılmıştır. Yeri gelmişken sinema salonu işletmecisi ve yapımcı Cemil Filmer’in bu film yakma olayıyla ilgili bir anısına geçebiliriz.

Şakir-Kemal Seden, İhsan İpekçi, Halil Kamil, Fuat Rutkay ve Hürrem Erman’dan sonra Cemil Filmer bir dönemin en önemli yapımcılarından biridir. Filmer 1928 yılında henüz yapımcı değildir; yabancı filmlerin ithalcisi ve işletmecisidir. Paramount ve Warner Bros gibi Amerikan majörleriyle çalışır.

"... Bir gecede verilen karar, biz filmcilerin elindeki eski harflerle basılı filmlerin değerini sıfıra indirdi. Elimdeki bütün eski filmleri Hürriyet Tepesi’ne götürüp kibriti çakıp yaktım. Yerine yenilerini alıp koymak bizim için büyük yıkım oldu. Zararın telafisi için beş yıl geceli gündüzlü, hiç kazanamadan çalışmak mecburiyetinde kaldık” der Cemil Filmer.

Neyse ki Filmer’in “kibrit çakıp” yaktığı o filmlerin tümü yerli yapım değil, hepsi yabancı kaynaklı. İyi de onca filmi neden yakmış?

Bir nedeni olmalı.

Olay şöyle gelişir. 

Kasım 1928’de TBMM’de onaylanan kanun sonucu Latin alfabesine geçilip Arapça harflerin kullanımına yasak getirilince sinemacılar zor durumda kalır. Özellikle de film ithalcileri...

Söz konusu bu on maddelik kanunun dördüncü maddesine göre ithal edilen yabancı filmlerin tüm ara yazıları Türkçeleştirilecektir. Oysa bizim sinemacılarımızın depolarında eski harflerden oluşan ara yazılı o kadar çok film vardır ki...

Ancak bu ara yazılı filmlerin kısa bir süre içinde Türk harflerine dönüştürülmesi o yılların koşullarına göre hem zor hem de maliyetlidir. Cemil Filmer’in de içlerinde olduğu bir grup ünlü film ithalcisi bu sorunu çözebilmek için ortak bir dilekçeyle yetkili makamlara başvursalar da sonuç değişmez. Beklenmedik bir kararla sinemacıların çözüm talepleri reddedilmiştir. Büyük bir düş kırıklığı yaşayan Cemil Filmer bu nedenle filmleri yakmıştır.

Birbirinden farklı ama çok önemli bu iki ilginç olaydan sonra sinema ve depo yangınlarına geçebiliriz.

Deniz Kızı (Baha Gelenbevi) Tünel'deki Ses Film Stüdyosu yangınında yanıp kül olan yerli yapımlarımızdan biri

İstanbul, İzmir, Ankara, Adana ve Mersin’in yanı sıra ülke dışına çıkıp Paris’te bile sinema salonu işletmeciliği yapan Cemil Filmer, tanığı olduğu bir sinema yangınından söz eder. İzmir’in Yunan işgalinden kurtarılmasından sonraki yıllarda yaşandığına göre (anılarında kesin bir tarih vermese de) bu yangın olayı 1920’lerde gerçekleşmiş olmalı...

O güne dek bir “kiracı” olarak işletmecilik yapan Filmer, ilk kez İzmir’de “Ankara” adını verdiği sinemanın sahibidir. Zorlu bir mücadeleden sonra kiradan kurtulmuştur. Ticari bir rekabet yaşadığı Asri Sineması ise Ankara Sineması’nın alt köşesindedir.

"O gün bizim çocuklardan biri koşarak geldi ve Asri Sineması’nın yandığını haber verdi. Yazıhaneden hemen fırladım, koştum. Sinemaya varınca makine dairesinde filmlerin tutuştuğunu gördüm. Sinemanın müdürü, elinde su hortumu, musluğu açmayı unutmuş, aptallaşmış. Dehşetten açılan gözleriyle yangına bakıyor. Hemen elinden hortumu kaptım. Bizim çocuklar da yetişti, yangını söndürdük. O sırada işletmecisi Saim Bey geldi ve beni kucakladı. O yıllardan sonra kendisiyle dostluğumuz bozulmadı ve yıllarca devam etti" der Cemil Filmer.

Ali Özüyar’ın araştırmasına göre 1922’de yangın geçiren, İzmir’in en eski sinemalarından biri de Kordon’daki Palas Sineması’dır. Bir deprem sonrası kullanılamaz hale gelen sinema yenilenip adı Tayyare Sineması olarak değiştirilir. Tümüyle yenilenen sinemanın işletmeci kiracısı Halil Kamil’dir...

Bu sinema ve depo yangınlarının ana nedeni o yıllarda “nitroselüloz ve kâfur içerikli”, yani sıcakta kolayca tutuşabilen “yanar tabanlı” filmlerin kullanımıydı. Ve 1935 yılında İstanbul’daki Türk Sineması yangının da aynı nedene dayandığı bir gerçekti.

Aslında yangın Türk Sineması’nın kapısının önünde çıkmıştı. Yeni sezonda gösterime girecek filmler kamyondan indirilirken birbiri ardına tutuşmuştu. Yanan beş film Halil Kamil’in yurt dışından ithal ettiği yabancı kaynaklı yapımlardı.

Bu yangınlarda yalnızca filmler yok olmuyor, masum insanlar ve sinemaseverler de kaza kurbanı olarak yaşamlarını yitiriyorlardı.

Bu türden acılı bir yangın olayı, ondan dört yıl önce (1931) İstanbul Galata’da, film depolarının olduğu Agopyan Han’da yaşanmıştı. Yedi kişi yaşamını yitirmiş ve birçok kişi de yaralanmıştı.

1944 ve 1945 yıllarında birbiri ardına çıkan iki stüdyo yangınında ise birçok film yanıp kül olacaktır. Yabancı kaynaklı film işletmecisi- yapımcı Necip Erses’in Tünel Revani Sokak’taki (Beyoğlu, Santral Sineması’nın yanı) Ses Film Stüdyosu yangınında Deniz Kızı (Baha Gelenbevi) yanıp kül olan yerli yapımlarımızdan biridir.

Yeni Sabah, 1 Mart 1948

O yıllarda stüdyo çalışmalarının yoğunluğu nedeniyle Lale Film şirketi sahiplerinden Sabahat Filmer’in Şakir Seden (Kemal Film) ve Osman Sirman’la (Özen Film) Beyoğlu’nda ortaklaşa kurduğu Marmara Film Stüdyosu da kullanılmaz hale gelecektir.

Yıl 1947'dir...

Ve yine Beyoğlu’nda çıkan ikinci bir yangınla bu kez Doğan Film Stüdyosu yok olur. Yeni Sabah gazetesinin haberine göre olay şöyle gerçekleşir:

"12 Kasım 1947 akşamı Beyoğlu’nda İngiliz Sarayı karşısında Hacopulo Han’da Doğan Film Stüdyosu’nda bir yangın çıkmış, binanın iki katı kamilen yanmıştı. Şehir Tiyatrosu artistlerinden Mahmut Moralı, Cahide Sonku ve Şadiye Mustak’ın müşterek mülkiyetine ait olan Doğan Film Stüdyosu’nun 120 bin liraya sigortalı olduğu ve hadisede ihmal ve kasid bulunduğu ileri sürülmüştür. Savcı muavinlerinden B. Şakir, stüdyonun ortaklarını dinlemiş ve yangın hadisesinin ihmali görülen mutemet Herman Nevruzyan hakkında ‘yangına sebebiyet’ suçundan dava açılmıştır..."

Bir diğer iddiaya göre ise montaj çalışması sırasında filmlerin tutuşmasıyla yangın çıkmıştır. 1940’lı yılların şartlarıyla yapılan bir hesaba göre yanan filmlerle stüdyo katlarının maddi zararı yaklaşık 310 bin liradır.

O yıllarda Beyoğlu, Kadıköy gibi sinema salonlarının yoğun olduğu bölgelerden biri de eski Şehzadebaşı semtidir. Emrah Şimşek tarafından işletilen Ferah Sineması, Beyazıt’a doğru çıkan caddenin üzerinde yer alır. 1948 yılındaki yangın bu kez sinemanın gişe bölümünde çıkar. Alevler önce binayı sarar, sonra da bitişikteki muhallebici ile fotoğraf malzemesi satan dükkânlara sıçrar. Fatih İtfaiyesi yetişse de Molla Salahaddin’e ait sinema binası tümüyle yanmıştır. Zarar büyüktür. Ferah Sineması yangınında başlarından yaralanmış olarak kurtarılanlar üst katlardaki kiracılardır yalnızca. Biri Türk, diğeri Ermeni iki zavallı kadın...

On yıl sonra, 1958’de bu kez bir başka yangın olayına tanık oluruz Cemil Filmer’in Mecidiyeköy’deki Lale Film Stüdyosu’nda. O yıllarda dut ağaçlarıyla çevrili orman içinde kalan Filmer Ailesi’ne ait villa film stüdyosuna dönüştürülmüştür. Yangın makine dairesinde çıkar. Yine bir kıvılcım parlamasıyla. Yanan filmlerden biri de Atıf Yılmaz’ın Kumpanya’sıdır...

Stüdyo ve depo yangınlarında filmler bir kıvılcımla yanıyor, insanlar kurbanlık koyun gibi ölüp gidiyorlardı. Suçlular kimdi?

Yanar tabanlı filmler miydi?

Bir sinema tarihinin belleğini oluşturan bu “kayıp filmler”in geriye dönüşü nasıl gerçekleşecekti?

Kullanım süresi dolmuş değersiz mallar gibi sağa sola savrulan, bilinçsizce atılan bu filmler ve maddi zarara uğrayan yapımcıların hakları nasıl korunacaktı?


İstanbul Belediyesi Film Deposu yangınından sonra çıkan bir haber

Film ithalcileri ve yapımcılarla İstanbul Belediyesi yetkililerinin uzun süren görüşmeleri sonucunda ancak bir çare bulunur. Ve bu bir “yasaklama”yla gelen son “çare”dir. İstanbul Belediyesi’nin 1580 sayılı kararıyla filmlerin şehir merkezi içindeki korunaksız depolarda ve yapımevleri ofislerinde saklanması, tutulması yasaklanmıştır. Bundan böyle tüm sinema filmleri şehir dışındaki tek bir depoda ve iki bekçiyle koruma altına alınacaktır.

Bir süre sonra Hasköy Aynalıkavak sırtlarında terk edilmiş iki katlı bir bina bulunur. Birkaç yıl önceye dek üst katında çöpçülerin, alt katında ise çöpçü beygirlerinin barındığı bu metruk bina, sinemacıların iddiasına göre kullanıma hazır değildir. Ama yine de zorunlu bir tadilatın ardından Kulaksız Mezarlığı yanındaki bu binaya taşınılır. Hiç olmazsa ortak kullanımlı ve daha korunaklı bir film deposuna kavuşulur sonunda...

Ama ne acı ki, 19 Temmuz’u 20 Temmuz’a bağlayan gece (1959) çıkan yangınla İstanbul Belediyesi Film Deposu yanıp kül olmuştur. Yüzlerce yerli ve yabancı kaynaklı filmle birlikte. Söndürülmesi üç buçuk saat kadar süren yangınla ilgili İstanbul İtfaiye Müdürü Tarık Özavcı’nın raporuna göre:

"... muhtelif şirketlere ait filmler tamamen yanmış ve binanın birinci katının sol tarafındaki holde bekçi Hamdi Sağna ile metresi Fitnat’ın yatakta ölmüş oldukları görülmüştür. Yangının, üst kat holünde yatan gece bekçisi Sağna’nın yatakta içtiği sigaradan yatak ve yorganın tutuşması ile çıktığı kuvvetli bir ihtimal dahilinde görülmüştür...”

Yeni İstanbul gazetesinin ertesi günkü haberine göre ise, ifadesi alınan deponun diğer gece bekçisi İsmail yara almadan kurtulabilmiştir...

Neyse ki bu kez suçlu olan yanar tabanlı filmler değildir. Demek ki bu kez tek suçlu, söndürülmesi unutulan, yalnızca bir sigara...

Gösterime giren ya da seyirci önüne hiç çıkmamış film sayıları açısından bakıldığında, Türk sinema tarihinin en büyük yangınıdır bu. Yangın sonrası sinema yazarı Erdoğan Tokatlı’nın araştırmasına göre, on üç film şirketi zarar görmüştür. Kemal Film (Şakir Seden), Fitaş Film (İhsan İpekçi), Lale Film (Cemil Filmer), Ha-Ka Film (Halil Kamil), Koçanga Film (Aleko Cangopulos), Maden Film (Akif Maden), Yurt Film (Kazım Yurdakul), Erman Film (Hürrem Erman) ve Star, Mondial, Sürat, Ceylan ve de Toros film şirketleri olmak üzere...

Alican Sekmeç’in daha sonraki araştırmasına göre zarar gören toplam film şirketi sayısı on yediye yükselecektir. Işık Film (Agop Fındıkyan), Reks Film (Vasil Anas), Elektra Film (Yorgo Saris) ve Özen Film (Osman Sirman) şirketleriyle...

Yabancı kaynaklı ithal filmler bir yana, Türk sineması adına asıl acı kayıplar bizim filmlerimizden oluşuyordu bu yangında. Altmış filmle Fuat Rutkay, yirmi yedi filmle de Şakir Seden en büyük zarar ziyana uğrayan Türk yapımcılarıydı. Ve bir iddiaya göre, toplamda üç yüz elli yerli film kopyası yanmıştı...

Atatürk'ün 1930'daki Elhamra ziyaretinden

Aynalıkavak’taki bu olay “Türk sinema tarihinin en büyük film deposu yangını” olarak tarihe geçse de, hatırlandığında vicdanları sızlatan asıl acı olay Küçükyalı “Neşe Sineması faciası”dır...

Yıl yine 1959’dur. Ama bu depo yangınından çok öncedir. 24 Ocak gecesi ve günlerden cumartesidir. Bu ne bir yangındır ne de bir İstanbul depremi. Marlon Brando’nun oynadığı Çayhane (The Teahouse on the August) adlı filmin gösterimi sırasında Yeşilyurt Apartmanı’ndaki Neşe Sineması yıkılır. Seyirciler birden çöken tavan ve balkonun yıkıntıları altında kalır. Sonuç çok acıdır. Otuz yedi ölü ve elliye yakın yaralı...

Facianın kesin nedeni bilirkişi raporunda şöyle yer alır:

"Salonu genişletmek için sütunlar kesilmişti, kötü malzeme kullanılmış ve yüzde kırk olması gereken çimento oranı yüzde on beşte tutulmuştu. Binanın bazı bölümlerine daha o gün beton dökülmesine rağmen aynı gece film oynatılmıştı. Üstelik inşaat yönetmeliklere aykırı şekilde yapılmış, deniz kumu kullanılmıştı."

Altmış iki yıl önce yaşanan bu olayın tanıklarından Küçükyalı doğumlu ve yıllardır bu semtte yaşayan Erdinç Akkuş, o dehşet verici faciayı hatırladığında şöyle diyecektir:

"Bu can pazarında yaşanan en acı olay üç kardeşin çığlık çığlığa ölmeleridir. Kore gazisi kurmay albay baba Mehmet Öcal’ın dramıdır. Kızları Nilgün ile Gülgün ve mühendislik tahsili yapan oğlu Toygun Öcal’ı yitirmesi Küçükyalı’yı yasa boğar. Ve acılı baba, her gün yavrularının mezarı başında ağıt yakar..."

Yangınlara devam ediyoruz... 1973 yılıyla, 4 Eylül gününü 5 Eylül’e bağlayan geceyle, Fındıklı’daki İstanbul Devlet Güzel Sanatlar Akademisi Film Arşivi yangınıyla...

Kaldı ki, bir devlet kurumunun bünyesinde olan ve özellikle yeni yapımları koruma altına alan bu önemli arşiv girişimi, tüm yaşamını sinemaya adayan Sami Şekeroğlu sayesinde gerçekleşmiştir. Daha iyi korunması ve bakımı açısından önceki kontrolsüz depo yangınlarından farklılık taşısa da Fındıklı’daki Devlet Film Arşivi yangını yine de oldukça düşündürücüdür. Ve yine Türk film yapımcıları zor durumda kalmıştır. Yapımcı Hürrem Erman yangınla ilgili şöyle diyecektir:

"... Yangını sabah evde öğrendim. Bizim filmler de oradaydı. Tabii ben de telaşlandım. Önceki belediye yangınından sonra bir yıkım daha yaşayamazdım. Hadi o senelerde ürettiğimiz film sayısı otuz tane kadardı. Ya şimdi? Neredeyse yüzün üzerinde... Ya hepsi yandıysa ne yapardık? Sigortası da yoktu onların. Sami (Şekeroğlu) Bey ile irtibat kurmaya çalıştık ama bize ne olduğunu anlatacak kimse yoktu karşımızda. Tüm olanların üzerine film arşivini mahkemeye vermeye karar vermiştim ama kimi suçlayacaktım ki?"

Erman’ın yanı sıra Memduh Ün’ün de filmleri yanmıştı. Atatürk’le ilgili bazı filmler de. Ve 4 Eylül 1973 tarihli bilirkişi raporuna göre yangın “arşivin rafların yakınındaki lambaların yanar vaziyette bırakılması ve sıcaklıklarının kutular içindeki filmlere sıçraması sonucu çıkmış”tı.

Demek ki "suçlular", söndürülmesi unutulan “lambalar”dı...

1923'te açılan Elhamra 1999'da yandı

Yıl 1995...

1958’de dönemin başbakanı Adnan Menderes’in açılışını yaptığı Osmanbey Şişli’deki Site Sineması da 1995 yılında yanan, o yakanın en görkemli salonlarından biriydi. Özen Film Şirketi’nin (Mehmet Soyarslan) işletmesindeki Site Sineması yangınında acı olan, iki insanımızın hayatını kaybetmesiydi. Malatyalı sinemacı Mustafa Özyeşil ile şirket çalışanlarından İhsan Kılıç...

Yıl 1999...

Elhamra (Cine Alhambra) Beyoğlu’nun en eski sinemalarından biriydi. Eski adıyla Grand Rue de Pera’nın da. 1923’te açılmıştı. Yetmiş altı yıllık bir tarihi olan Elhamra’nın en özel ve en saygın davetlisi Atatürk’tü. 1932’de (23 Şubat) Lilian Harvey’nin oynadığı Kongre Eğleniyor adlı filmi izlemişti burada.

Film ithalcisi-yapımcı Hasan Tual, son işletmecisiydi Elhamra Sineması’nın. Yanmadan önce de oğlu Mustafa Tual...

Elhamra Sineması yangınında iyi ki Türk filmleri yoktu. Yanıp kül olanlar tüm koltuklar, makine dairesi ve ithal filmlerdi. Daha çok cinsel içerikli, İtalyan sinemasının seks komedileriydi. Deposundaki bu tür filmlerin afişleri ve lobi kartlarıyla birlikte...

"Bir düş şatosuna daha elveda dedik... Ya da İstanbul bir önemli mekânını daha sessiz sedasız yitirip gitti. Sessiz sedasız diyoruz çünkü böylesine görkemli ve geçmişi oldukça eski bir yapının ölümü, birtakım güncel olayların içinde kendisine gereken yeri bulamadı. Kimi gazete ve TV’lerde yer alan haberler bile sıradan bir yangın haberiymiş gibi kısa, önemsiz bir şekilde geçiştirdi..." diye yazar Burçak Evren.

Bu kez suçlusu bulunamadı yangının...

Yoksa “suçlu” olan bir “hayalet sabotajcı” mıydı? Kim bilir?

Yerli yapım Büyü'nün 2004'te düzenlenen gala gecesinde salonda yangın çıkmıştı

Çok farklı, çok ilginç bir sinema yangını olayı 2004 yılında yaşanır. İlk kez bir “gala gecesi” yangınıyla. Bir zamanlar sinema eleştirmenlerinin en gözde mekânıydı Dolmabahçe’deki G-Mall Cinebonus salonları. Sabah kahvaltılı basın gösterimleri ve gala gecelerinin düzenlendiği o salonlar Maçka ve Nişantaşı’na çıkan yolun üzerindeydi. Bir dönemin ünlü Çiftlikpark Gazinosu’nun [günümüzde Küçükçiftlik Park’ın] olduğu yerde.

O gece ben de oradaydım.

Seçkin davetliler ve basının hazır olduğu gala gecesinde Büyü adlı film gösterilecekti. Filmin yönetmeni Orhan Oğuz, başrol oyuncularından biri İpek Tuzcuoğlu’ydu.

Sinema salonunun giriş yolu boyunca sağına ve soluna yanan mumlar yerleştirilmişti. Yan duvarlarında tavana kadar uzanan naylon perdeli bir dekor. O kimin aklıysa, salona girebilmek için bu yanan mumlar arasından geçiyordunuz.

Film başladı. Bir süre sonra bir gürültü, bir patırtı. Mumlar naylon perdeleri tutuşturmuştu, iyi mi? Bir anda panikleyen davetliler, cep telefonu ışıklarıyla o kapkaranlık dar koridordan çıkabilmek için birbirlerini ezeceklerdi. Dışarıya çıkıldığında, yoğun duman nedeniyle herkesin burnu, ağzı ve yüzü kapkaraydı...

Ve suçlular kimdi?

Yine de “onlar”, yani mumlar?

Gerçekten de o gece yaşananlar tıpkı bir korku filmi gibiydi. Büyü de bu türden bir korku filmi denemesi değil miydi?

Cemil Filmer 1928’de Hürriyet Tepesi’nde; Muhteşem Durukan 1964’te vilayet önünde Bir Kız Kaçınca ve Korhan Yurtseven 1989’da Moda Sineması önünde Zincir adlı filmlerini kendi elleriyle yaksalar da ne kıymeti harbiyesi olacaktı ki... Rant uğruna asırlık ağaçların kesildiği, ormanların cayır cayır yakıldığı ve doğal güzelliğiyle ünlenen bu ülkede...

KAYNAKÇA

Cemil Filmer, Hatıralar - Türk Sineması’nda 65 Yıl, 1984, s. 168.

Ali Özüyar, Kovboylara Bozlak Okutan Adam, Doruk Yayınları, Mayıs 2012, s. 20-22.

Cemil Filmer, age., s. 41-42.

“Doğan Film Yangın Tahkikatı”, Yeni Sabah gazetesi, 18 Ocak 1948.

“Ferah Sineması Tamamen Yandı”, Yeni Sabah gazetesi, 11 Mart 1948.

Burçak Evren, Öztürk Birdal, “Türk Sinemasının En Büyük Yangını”, Düşünen Şehir dergisi, Ekim 2018, sayı: 7, s. 67-71.

Alican Sekmeç, “İstanbul Belediyesi Film Deposu Yangını”, Altyazı dergisi, Kasım 2007.

“Aynalıkavak Yangınında Zarar 10 Milyon Lira”, Yeni İstanbul gazetesi, 21 Temmuz 1959.

Erdoğan Tokatlı, “Can Çekişen Türk Film Endüstrisi Yanarak Öldü”, Pazar Postası dergisi, 26 Temmuz 1959.

Erdinç Akkuş’la 24 Ekim 2021 tarihli bir görüşme.

Alican Sekmeç, “Film Deposu Yangını”, Altyazı dergisi, Ocak 2008.

Mustafa Gökmen, Türk Sineması Tarihi, Ajans Yayınları, 1999, s. 47.

Burçak Evren, “Elveda Elhamra”, Cumhuriyet dergisi, sayı: 675, 28 Şubat 1999.

Agâh Özgüç, Türk Sinemasında İstanbul, Horizon Yayınları, s. 54-55.